Outcomes

Media

• Press Release Geomar: Ventilation of the North Atlantic is Weakening 
• OCB Science Highlights, A heat burp breaks the assumed relationship of cumulative CO2 emissions and warming
• Research Eos spotlight for Frenger, Frey, et al, 2025: Derouin, S. (2025), The Southern Ocean may be building up a massive burp, Eos, 106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EO250385.
• Coverage of Frenger, Frey, et al, 2025  in the Grist Magazine. 
• Press Release Geomar: Southern Ocean’s Heat Storage – a Possible Cause of Future ‘Heat Burps’

Publications

• Guo, H., Koeve, W., Kriest, I., Frenger, I., Tanhua, T., Brandt, P., He, Y., Xue, T., & Oschlies, A. (2026). North Atlantic ventilation change over the past three decades is potentially driven by climate change. Nature Communications, 17(1), 200. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67923-x
• Frenger, I., Frey, S., Oschlies, A., Getzlaff, J., Martin, T., & Koeve, W. (2025). Southern Ocean Heat Burp in a Cooling World. AGU Advances, 6(5), e2025AV001700. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025AV001700
• Roberts, M. J., Reed, K. A., Bao, Q., Barsugli, J. J., Camargo, S. J., Caron, L.-P., Chang, P., Chen, C.-T., Christensen, H. M., Danabasoglu, G., Frenger, I., Fučkar, N. S., ul Hasson, S., Hewitt, H. T., Huang, H., Kim, D., Kodama, C., Lai, M., Leung, L.-Y. R., Mizuta, R., Nobre, P., Ortega, P., Paquin, D., Roberts, C. D., Scoccimarro, E., Seddon, J., Treguier, A. M., Tu, C.-Y., Ullrich, P. A., Vidale, P. L., Wehner, M. F., Zarzycki, C. M., Zhang, B., Zhang, W., and Zhao, M (2025). High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (HighResMIP2) towards CMIP7, Geosci. Model Dev., 18:1307–1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1307-2025.
• Koeve, W., Landolfi, A., Oschlies, A., and Frenger, I. (2024). Marine carbon sink dominated by biological pump after temperature overshoot. Nature Geoscience, 17:1093-1099. doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01541-y. 

Session/Conference organization

• EGU General Assembly 2025 Session Ocean storage and loss of carbon and heat, and relevance for climate, with co-conveners Andreas Klocker, Lucie Knor, Anna Katavouta

Conference presentations and seminars

• Ocean Sciences Meeting 2026, Tracing anthropogenic carbon and heat in the ocean, Glasgow, UK (oral) 
• CMIP Community Workshop, 2026, Understanding the release of carbon and heat from the ocean under ambitious CO₂ mitigation scenarios using an idealized tracer approach, Kyoto, Japan (poster)
• Overshoot Converence, 2025, Southern Ocean deep convection in a cooling world - a tipping element? Laxenburg, Austria (oral)
• EGU General Assembly, 2025, Southern Ocean heat burp in a cooling world, Vienna, Austria (poster)