GEOMAR  Spiegel, Timo

Timo Spiegel (PhD)

[Translate to English:] Dr. Timo Spiegel

Postdoctoral researcher 
Topic 6

RD 2: Marine Biogeochemistry
RU Marine Geosysteme

Office: 8D/214, phone (office): +49 431 600 2058

e-mail: tspiegel(at)geomar.de

Contact

Address: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany

Research Focus

Benthic elemental cycles, Age-depth modeling, Spatial upscaling

Projects

APOC (April 2021 until June 2024)

PrimePrevention (until 01.09.2026)

Curriculum vitae

Aug. 2024: Postdoctoral researcher within the research project PrimePrevention at University of Hamburg and GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel.

Apr. 2021 - Mai. 2024: Doctoral studies in geosciences at GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, registered at Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel. Part of project APOC: “Anthropogenic impacts on particulate organic carbon cycling in the North Sea".

Okt. 2013 - Jan. 2020: Bachelor & Master of Science in Geosciences at Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel.

Bachelor’s thesis: Phosphorus concentrations in sediments of the eastern Gotland basin.
Master’s thesis: Geochemical processes in Amazon shelf sediments – Implications for cation and phosphorus budgets.

Publications (Highlights)

Spiegel, T., Dale, A.W., Lenz, N., Schmidt, M., Moros, M., Lindhorst, S., Wolschke, H., Müller, D., Butzin, M., Fuhr, M., Kalapurakkal, H.T., Kasten, S., Wallmann, K., 2025. Mass accumulation rates decreased in the Skagerrak basin over the last 100 years. Cont. Shelf Res. 286, 105411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2025.105411

Spiegel, T., Diesing, M., Dale, A.W., Lenz, N., Schmidt, M., Sommer, S., Böttner, C., Fuhr, M., Kalapurakkal, H.T., Schulze, C.-S., Wallmann, K., 2024. Modelling mass accumulation rates and 210Pb rain rates in the Skagerrak: lateral sediment transport dominates the sediment input. Front. Mar. Sci. 10.3389/fmars.2024.1331102

Lenz, N., Spiegel, T., Hathorne, E., Wallmann, K., Eisenhauer, A., Frank, M., 2024. Provenance of clay-sized detrital sediments in the North Sea and the Skagerrak region based on radiogenic Nd-Sr-Hf isotopes and clay mineral compositions: assessing the impact of coastal and seabed erosion. Front. Mar. Sci. 11, 1416519. doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1416519

Spiegel, T., Dale, A., Lenz, N., Schmidt, M., Sommer, S., Kalapurakkal, H., Przibilla, A., Lindhorst, S., Wallmann, K. (2023). Biogenic silica cycling in the Skagerrak. Frontiers in Marine Science. 10. 10.3389/fmars.2023.1141448.

Spiegel, T., Vosteen, P., Wallmann, K., Paul, S., Gledhill, M., Scholz, F. (2021). Updated estimates of sedimentary potassium sequestration and phosphorus release on the Amazon shelf. Chemical Geology. 560. 120017. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.120017.

Publications (OceanRep)

Jump to: Articles in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed | Presentations | Theses - not published by a publisher | Reports - Cruise Reports
Number of items: 20.

Articles in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed

[thumbnail of 1-s2.0-S0278434325001360-main.pdf] [thumbnail of Supplementary data]

Spiegel, T. , Dale, A. W. , Lenz, N. , Schmidt, M. , Sommer, S., Becker, K. W. , Elling, F. J., Porz, L., Daewel, U., Fuhr, M., Kalapurakkal, H. T. and Wallmann, K. (2025) Benthic POC cycling in the Skagerrak basin: The role of lateral POC input. Open Access Continental Shelf Research, 293 . Art.Nr. 105536. DOI 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105536.

[thumbnail of 1-s2.0-S2352340925003270-main.pdf] [thumbnail of 1-s2.0-S2352340925003270-mmc1.docx]

Graversen, A. E. L., Lønborg, C., Addamo, A. M., Pedersen, S. G., Chemello, S., Alejo, I., Apostolaki, E. T., Asplund, M. E., Austin, W. E. N., Berov, D., Berto, D., Björk, M., Black, K., Bobchev, N., Bonaglia, S., Borgersen, G., Bouma, T., Costello, M. J., Dahl, M., Diaz-Almela, E., Dimitriou, P. D., Duarte, C. M., Dueñas, C. L., Efthymiadis, P. T., Elosegui, I. M., Espinosa, M. R., Filipsson, H. L., Fontela, M., Fredriksen, S., Frigstad, H., Gagnon, K., Garcia-Escudero, C. A., Giani, M., Grouhel-Pellouin, A., Guerra, R., Gullström, M., Gundersen, H., Hancke, K., Majtényi-Hill, C., Hunt, C., Inostroza, K., Karakassis, I., Karamfilov, V., Klayn, S., Koziorowska, K., Kuliński, K., Lavery, P., Lenstra, W. K., Lillebø, A. I., Logemann, E., Magni, P., Marbà, N., Marco-Mendez, C., Martins, M., Mateo, M. A., Monnier, B., Mueller, P., Neto, J. M., Papageorgiou, N., de Rezende, C. E., Pardo, J. C. F., Peña, J. A. J. D. L., Pergent, G., Piñeiro-Juncal, N., Preston, J., Rampazzo, F., Reithmaier, G., Reusch, T. B. H. , Reynolds, S., Ricart, A. M., Santos, R., de los Santos, C. B., Santos, I. R., Serrano, E., Serrano, O., Slomp, C. P., Smeaton, C., Soler, M., Sousa, A. I., Spiegel, T. , Stevenson, A. , Thormar, J., Trannum, H. C., van Helmond, N. A. G. M., Paradis, S., Vizzini, S., Ward, E. A., Yau, Y. Y. Y., Zakhama-Sraieb, R., Zribi, I., Zygadlowska, O. M. and Jensen, D. K. (2025) A marine and salt marsh sediment organic carbon database for European regional seas (EURO-CARBON). Open Access Data in Brief, 60 . Art.Nr.: 111595. DOI 10.1016/j.dib.2025.111595.

[thumbnail of 1-s2.0-S0278434325000111-main.pdf] [thumbnail of 1-s2.0-S0278434325000111-mmc1.docx]

Spiegel, T. , Dale, A. W. , Lenz, N. , Schmidt, M. , Moros, M., Lindhorst, S., Wolschke, H., Müller, D., Butzin, M., Fuhr, M., Kalapurakkal, H. T., Kasten, S. and Wallmann, K. (2025) Mass accumulation rates decreased in the Skagerrak basin over the last 100 years. Open Access Continental Shelf Research, 286 . Art.Nr. 105411. DOI 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105411.

[thumbnail of s43247-025-02132-4-1.pdf] [thumbnail of 43247_2025_2132_MOESM2_ESM.pdf]

Kalapurakkal, H. T., Dale, A. W. , Schmidt, M. , Taubner, H., Scholz, F. , Spiegel, T. , Fuhr, M. and Wallmann, K. (2025) Sediment resuspension in muddy sediments enhances pyrite oxidation and carbon dioxide emissions in Kiel Bight. Open Access Communications Earth & Environment, 6 . Art.Nr. 156. DOI 10.1038/s43247-025-02132-4.

[thumbnail of s43247-025-02079-6.pdf]

Fuhr, M., Dale, A. W. , Wallmann, K. , Bährle, R. J., Kalapurakkal, H. T., Sommer, S., Spiegel, T. , Dobashi, R., Buchholz, B., Schmidt, M. , Perner, M. and Geilert, S. (2025) Calcite is an efficient and low-cost material to enhance benthic weathering in shelf sediments of the Baltic Sea. Open Access Communications Earth & Environment, 8 . Art.Nr. 106 (2025). DOI 10.1038/s43247-025-02079-6.

[thumbnail of Geochem Geophys Geosyst - 2024 - Böttner - The Enigmatic Pockmarks of the Sandy Southeastern North Sea.pdf]

Böttner, C., Hoffmann, J. J. L., Unverricht, D., Schmidt, M. , Spiegel, T. , Geersen, J., Müller, T. H. , Karstens, J. , Andresen, K. J., Sander, L., Schneider von Deimling, J. and Schmidt, C. (2024) The Enigmatic Pockmarks of the Sandy Southeastern North Sea. Open Access Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 25 (11). e2024GC011837. DOI 10.1029/2024GC011837.

[thumbnail of s41561-024-01581-4 (4).pdf] [thumbnail of 41561_2024_1581_MOESM1_ESM (1).pdf]

Zhang, W., Porz, L., Yilmaz, R., Wallmann, K. , Spiegel, T. , Neumann, A., Holtappels, M., Kasten, S., Kuhlmann, J., Ziebarth, N., Taylor, B., Ho-Hagemann, H. T. M., Bockelmann, F. D., Daewel, U., Bernhardt, L. and Schrum, C. (2024) Long-term carbon storage in shelf sea sediments reduced by intensive bottom trawling. Open Access Nature Geoscience, 17 . pp. 1268-1276. DOI 10.1038/s41561-024-01581-4.

Lenz, N. , Spiegel, T. , Hathorne, E. , Wallmann, K. , Eisenhauer, A. and Frank, M. (2024) Provenance of clay-sized detrital sediments in the North Sea and the Skagerrak region based on radiogenic Nd-Sr-Hf isotopes and clay mineral compositions: Assessing the impact of coastal and seabed erosion. Open Access Frontiers in Marine Science, 11 . Art.Nr. 1416519. DOI 10.3389/fmars.2024.1416519.

[thumbnail of fmars-11-1331102.pdf] [thumbnail of Data Sheet 1-2.docx]

Spiegel, T. , Diesing, M., Dale, A. W. , Lenz, N. , Schmidt, M. , Sommer, S., Böttner, C., Fuhr, M., Kalapurakkal, H. T., Schulze, C. S. and Wallmann, K. (2024) Modelling mass accumulation rates and 210Pb rain rates in the Skagerrak: lateral sediment transport dominates the sediment input. Open Access Frontiers in Marine Science, 11 . Art.Nr. 1331102. DOI 10.3389/fmars.2024.1331102.

[thumbnail of fclim-06-1338556.pdf] [thumbnail of Data Sheet 1-2.pdf]

Fuhr, M., Wallmann, K. , Dale, A. W. , Kalapurakkal, H. T., Schmidt, M. , Sommer, S., Deusner, C. , Spiegel, T. , Kowalski, J. and Geilert, S. (2024) Alkaline mineral addition to anoxic to hypoxic Baltic Sea sediments as a potentially efficient CO2-removal technique. Open Access Frontiers in Climate, 6 . Art.Nr. 1338556. DOI 10.3389/fclim.2024.1338556.

[thumbnail of fmars-10-1216442.pdf] [thumbnail of Data Sheet 1-1.docx]

von Jackowski, A., Walter, M., Spiegel, T. , Buttigieg, P. L. and Molari, M. (2023) Drivers of pelagic and benthic microbial communities on Central Arctic seamounts. Open Access Frontiers in Marine Science, 10 . Art.Nr. 1216442. DOI 10.3389/fmars.2023.1216442.

[thumbnail of fmars-10-1141448.pdf] [thumbnail of Supplementary material]

Spiegel, T. , Dale, A. W. , Lenz, N. , Schmidt, M. , Sommer, S., Kalapurakkal, H. T., Przibilla, A., Lindhorst, S. and Wallmann, K. (2023) Biogenic silica cycling in the Skagerrak. Open Access Frontiers in Marine Science, 10 . Art.Nr. 1141448. DOI 10.3389/fmars.2023.1141448.

Vosteen, P., Spiegel, T., Gledhill, M. , Frank, M. , Zabel, M. and Scholz, F. (2022) The Fate of Sedimentary Reactive Iron at the Land‐Ocean Interface:A Case Study from the Amazon Shelf. Open Access Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 23 (11). e2022GC010543. DOI 10.1029/2022GC010543.

[thumbnail of Spiegeletal.2021_ChemGeol.pdf] [thumbnail of Excel file]

Spiegel, T., Vosteen, P., Wallmann, K. , Paul, S. A. L., Gledhill, M. and Scholz, F. (2021) Updated estimates of sedimentary potassium sequestration and phosphorus release on the Amazon shelf. Chemical Geology, 560 . Art.Nr. 120017. DOI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.120017.

Presentations


Fuhr, M., Wallmann, K. J. G. , Schmidt, M. , Sommer, S., Deusner, C. , Kalapurakkal, H. T., Spiegel, T. and Geilert, S. (2024) Benthic dunite and calcite weathering as a method for ocean alkalinity enhancement. [Talk] In: Ocean Science Meeting 2024. , 18.-23.02.2024, New Orleans, USA .

Theses - not published by a publisher

[thumbnail of Spiegel-Timo_ZuD.pdf]

Spiegel, T. (2024) Patterns and dynamics of sedimentation and biogeochemical processes in the Skagerrak. Open Access (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany, IV, 139 pp.

[thumbnail of Msc. Spiegel, T..pdf]

Spiegel, T. (2019) Geochemical processes in Amazon shelf sediments - Implications for cation in phosphorus budgets. (Master thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, 75 pp.

Reports - Cruise Reports

[thumbnail of geomar_rep_ns_57_2021(1).pdf]

Berndt, C. , Urlaub, M. , Jegen, M. , Faghih, Z., Reeck, K., Franz, G., Barnscheidt, K. C., Wollatz-Vogt, M., Liebsch, J., Schramm, B., Elger, J. , Kühn, M., Müller, T. , Schmidt, M. , Spiegel, T., Timm, H., Hinz, A. K., Sager, T., Hilbert, H. S., Rohde, L., Korbjuhn, T., Reissmann, S. and Diller, N. (2021) RV SONNE Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report SO277 OMAX: Offshore Malta Aquifer Exploration, Emden (Germany) – Emden (Germany), 14.08. – 03.10.2020. Open Access . GEOMAR Report, N. Ser. 057 . GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 139 pp. DOI 10.3289/GEOMAR_REP_NS_57_20.

[thumbnail of MSM99-2_cr.pdf]

Schmidt, C. , Böttner, C. , Schmidt, M. , Müller, T. H. , Wünsche, A., Willems, T., Lindner, M., Müller, F., Hunkemöller, A. and Spiegel, T. (2021) Wave induced pockmark formation in the North Sea, Cruise No. MSM 99/2 (GPF 21-1_013), 26.03.2021 - 05.04.2021, Emden (Germany) - Emden (Germany). HELGOLAND POCKMARKS. . Maria S. Merian Berichte, MSM99/2 . Gutachterpanel Forschungsschiffe, Bonn, 49 pp. DOI 10.48433/cr_msm99_2.

[thumbnail of AL561 cruise report_rev.pdf]

Schmidt, M. , Sommer, S., Böttner, C. , Dale, A. W. , Lenz, N. and Spiegel, T. (2021) Dynamics and variability of POC burial in depocenters of the North Sea (Skagerrak), Cruise No. AL561, 2.08.2021 – 13.08.2021, Kiel – Kiel, APOC . Open Access . Alkor-Berichte, AL561 . GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 34 pp. DOI 10.3289/CR_AL561.

This list was generated on Thu Dec 4 15:05:15 2025 CET.