Fields of Research / Interest

• Culturing marine organisms
• Culture of deep-sea mussels
• Effects of global change on organisms and ecosystems in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
• Effects of climate change and ocean acidification on marine benthic organisms and habitats
• Marine Strategie Framework Directive (MSFD), Habitats Directive (FFH)
• Protection of hardbottom/reef communities in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
• Diversity in hard substrate (“aufwuchs”) communities
• Stress ecology of marine benthos
• Interactions in the marine benthos
• Ecophysiology of marine bivalves
• Characteristics of bivalve shells as proxy for palaeoclimata

 

other activities:

research diver

web design (Typo3)

Studies / CV

since 2013	KIMOCC (Kiel Marine Organism Culture Centre)
since 2021	Project: "Erforschung und Bewertung der Lebensgemeinschaften auf Riffen" on behalf of the State Agency for Environment (of the Federal State of Schleswig-Holstein)
2022 - 2024	Project: "Sandbänke“, „Artenreiche Kies-, Grobsand- und Schillgründe“ (KGS) und „Restsedimente“ als Lebensräume" on behalf of the State Agency for Environment (of the Federal State of Schleswig-Holstein)
2017 - 2021	Project: "Konzept zum Monitoring der Entwicklung von Flachwasser-Hartbodengemeinschaften in der s.-h. Ostsee" on behalf of the State Agency for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas (of the Federal State of Schleswig-Holstein)
2013	Project: "Neobiota in schleswig-holsteinischen Häfen" on behalf of the State Agency for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas (of the Federal State of Schleswig-Holstein)
2013 - 2014	Project: "Measuring and modeling the effect of calcification on seawater carbonate chemistry in Kiel mussel reefs" (cluster of excellence "The Future Ocean" mini-proposal)
2012 - 2013	Project: "Maßnahme: Meeresstrategie Rahmenrichtlinie (MSRL) Biodiversität Makrophyten Ostseeküste" (= "Measure: Marine strategy framework directive (MSFD) biodiversity macrophytes Baltic Sea coast") on behalf of the State Agency for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas (of the Federal State of Schleswig-Holstein)
since 2012	Scientist at GEOMAR
2011	GAME coordinator
2010 - 2012	Marine-biological consultant in the German Federal Environmental Agency project "Methodische Grundlagen für sozio-ökonomische Analysen sowie Folgenabschätzungen von Maßnahmen einschließlich Kosten-Nutzen Analysen nach EG-Meeresschutzstrategie-Richtlinie (MSRL)"
2009 - 2010	Author for the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) book project “MALEK”
2009 - 2011	Post-doc at the IFM-GEOMAR
2005 - 2009	PhD student. Dissertation on Sensitivity of shell chemisty characteristics and animals’ fitness of the bivalves A. islandica and M. edulis towards changes of abiotic environmental conditions
since 2005	Scientific employee at the Leibniz Institut for Marine Sciences IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel
2003 - 2004	Diploma thesis: GAME II: Interactive effects of eutrophication and disturbance on diversity and structure of marine hard bottom communities
since 2003	Active as a research diver
1999	After a first year in Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität) I switched over to the Christian-Albrechts-Universität in Kiel
1998 - 2004	Studies of biology, completed with diploma degree

Publications

(OceanRep)

(ResearchGate)

• Hiebenthal, C., Gehlert, F-O., Schmidt, M., Reusch, T., Melzner, F. (2024): “Long-term culture system for deep-sea mussels Gigantidas childressi”. L&O Methods. doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10612
• Bommarito, C. , Noè, S., Díaz-Morales, D. M., Lukić, I., Hiebenthal, C. , Rilov, G., Guy-Haim, T. und Wahl, M. (2024): Co-occurrence of native and invasive macroalgae might be facilitated under global warming. Science of the Total Environment, 912 . Art.Nr. 169087. DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169087
• Rühmkorff, S., Wolf, F., Vajedsamiei, J., Barboza, F.R., Hiebenthal, C. and Pansch, C. (2023): Marine heatwaves and upwelling shape stress responses in a keystone predator. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 290(1991): 20222262. Doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.2262
• Podbielski, I., Hiebenthal, C., Hajati, M.-C., Bock, C., Bleich, M., and Melzner, F. (2022): Capacity for cellular osmoregulation defines critical salinity of marine invertebrates at low salinity. Frontiers in Marine Science. 9: 898364. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2022.898364
• Woehle, C., Roy, A.-S., Michels, J., Wein, T., Weissenbach, J., Glock, N., Hiebenthal, C., Schönfeld, J. & Dagan, T. (2022): “Phylogenetic reconstruction of the denitrifying foraminifera ancestor reveals ancient origins and predicts new denitrifying species”. PNAS. 119(25): e2200198119. doi:10.1073/pnas.2200198119
• Knöbel, L., J. Schulze-Nascimento, Sanders, T., Zeus D., Hiebenthal, C., Barboza F. R., Stuckas H., Melzner, F. (2021). „Salinity driven selection and local adaptation in Baltic Sea mytilid mussels”. Frontiers in Marine Science. 8:692078.  doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.692078
• Jurikova H., Ippach M., Liebetrau V., Gutjahr M., Krause S., Büsse S., Gorb S.N., Henkel D., Hiebenthal C., Schmidt M., Leipe L., Laudien J., and Eisenhauer A. (2020) “Incorporation of major and trace elements into cultured brachiopods: new insights from a biomineralisation model with implications for proxy application”. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 286 . 8: 418-440. DOI 10.1016/j.gca.2020.07.026
• Wahl, M., Werner, F. J., Buchholz, B., Raddatz, S., Graiff, A., Matthiessen, B., Karsten, U., Hiebenthal, C.,  Hamer, J.,  Ito, M., Gülzow, E., Rilov, G. and Guy-Haim T.  (2019). “Season affects strength and direction of ocean warming impacts and biotic stress modulation in a coastal seaweed ecosystem”. Limnology & Oceanography. DOI: 10.1002/lno.11350
• Franz, M., Barbosa, F., Hinrichsen, H-H., Lehmann, A., Scotti, M., Hiebenthal, C., Wahl, M. (2019): “Long-term records of hard-bottom communities in the southwestern Baltic Sea reveal the decline of a foundation species”. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 219(242-251). DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2019.02.029
• Jurikova H., Liebetrau V., Gutjahr M., Rollion-Bard C., Hu M.Y., Krause S., Henkel D., Hiebenthal C., Schmidt M.,Laudien J., and Eisenhauer A. (2019):  “Boron isotope systematics of cultured brachiopods: response to acidification, vital effects and implications for palaeo-pH reconstruction”. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 248:370-386. DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2019.01.015
• Pansch C. and Hiebenthal C. (2019): “A new mesocosms system to study the effects of environmental variability on marine species and communities”. Limnology & Oceanography: Methods 17, 2019, 145–162. DOI: 10.1002/lom3.10306.
• Ye, F., Jurikova, H., Angiolini, L., Brand, U., Crippa, G., Henkel, D., Laudien, J., Hiebenthal, C. and Smajgl, D. (2019). Variation in brachiopod microstructure and isotope geochemistry under low pH - ocean acidification - conditions . Biogeosciences 16:617-642. DOI: 10.5194/bg-16-617-2019
• Woehle, C., Roy, A. S., Glock, N., Wein, T., Weissenbach, J., Rosenstiel, P., Hiebenthal, C., Michels, J., Schönfeld, J. and Dagan, T. (2018). A Novel Eukaryotic Denitrification Pathway in Foraminifera. Current Biology, 28 (16). 2536-2543.e5. DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.027.
• Wahl, M., Schneider Covachã, S., Saderne, V., Hiebenthal, C., Müller, J. D., Pansch, C. and Sawall, Y. (2018) Macroalgae may mitigate ocean acidification effects on mussel calcification by increasing pH and its fluctuations. Limnology and Oceanography. 63/1):3-21. DOI 10.1002/lno.10608.
• Eagle, R.A., Eiler, J.M., Tripati, A.K., Ries, J.B., Freitas, P.S., Hiebenthal, C., Wanamaker Jr, A.D., Taviani, M., Elliot, M., Marenssi, S. and Nakamura, P. (2013)   The influence of temperature and seawater carbonate saturation state on 13C-18O bond ordering in bivalve mollusks. Biogeosciences 10: 4591–4606. 
• Hiebenthal, C, Philipp EER, Eisenhauer A, Wahl M (2013). Effects of seawater pCO₂ and temperature on shell growth, shell stability, condition and cellular stress of Western Baltic Sea Mytilus edulis (L.) and Arctica islandica (L.). Marine Biology, Published online: 18 October 2012. doi 10.1007/s00227-012-2080-9.
• Hiebenthal, C, Philipp EER, Eisenhauer A, Wahl M (2012). Interactive Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Shell Increment, Condition and Cellular Stress of two Bivalve Populations, Mytilus edulis (L.) and Arctica islandica (L.), from the Western Baltic Sea. Aquatic Biology 14: 289–298. 
• Heinemann, A., C. Hiebenthal, J. Fietzke, A. Eisenhauer, and M. Wahl (2011) Disentangling the biological and environmental control of M. edulis shell chemistry. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst 12, Q03009, doi:10.1029/2010GC003340.
• J. Thomsen, M.A. Gutowska, J. Saphörster, A. Heinemann, K. Trübenbach, J. Fietzke, C. Hiebenthal, A. Eisenhauer, A. Körtzinger, M. Wahl, and F. Melzner (2010) Calcifying invertebrates succeed in a naturally CO2-rich coastal habitat but are threatened by high levels of future acidification. Biogeosciences 7: 3879-3891.
• Pfaff, M.C., Hiebenthal, C., Molis, M., Branch, G.M. and Wahl, M. (2010) Patterns of diversity along experimental gradients of disturbance and nutrient supply - the confounding assumptions of the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis. African Journal of Marine Science, 32(1): 127-135.
• Hiebenthal, C. (2009) Sensitivity of A. islandica and M. edulis towards environmental changes: a threat to the bivalves - an opportunity for palaeo-climatology? PhD thesis, University of Kiel, 137 pp.
• Sven Rohde, C. Hiebenthal, K. Bischof, R. Karez, M. Wahl (2008) Decreased depth distribution of Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae) in the Western Baltic: Effects of light deficiency and epibionts on growth and photosynthesis. Europ. J. Phycol. 43(2): 143-150.
• Hiebenthal, C. (2004) Struktur und Diversität von Aufwuchsgemeinschaften unter verschiedenen Störungs- und Nährstoffregimes. Diploma thesis. University of Kiel, 67 pp.

Talks and Posters

• Roy, AS., Woehle, C., Michels, J., Weißenbach, J., Wein, T., Hiebenthal, C., Rosenstiel, P., Glock, N., Schönfeld, J., Dagan, T.: The cryptic origin of denitrification pathway in benthic foraminifera. The 16th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology (ISME), Montreal, Canada (21.-26.08.2016) (Poster)
• Roy, AS., Woehle, C., Michels, J., Weißenbach, J., Wein, T., Hiebenthal, C., Rosenstiel, P., Glock, N., Schönfeld, J., Dagan, T.: Denitrification in the benthic foraminifera Globobulimina turgida. Foraminifera and nannofossil groups joint meeting. The Micropalaeontology Society meeting, Angers, France 19 – 24.06.2016. (Poster)
• Hiebenthal, C.: KIMOCC – the Kiel Marine Organism Culture Centre: Culture techniques for discerning marine lab pets (like deep-sea mussels) Future Ocean: Cluster Retreat 2014, Schleswig, Germany, 29.-30.09.2014. (Talk)
• Hiebenthal, C.: KIMOCC – Kiel Marine Organism Culture Centre (funded by Future Ocean & GEOMAR). Kompetenznetzwerks Aquakultur „KNAQ“-Workshop „Nachhaltige Aquakultur“. 07.04.2014. (Talk)
• Saderne, V., Fietzek, P., Aßmann, S., Hiebenthal, C., Martz, T. and Körtzinger, A., 2014: Biogenic seawater corrosiveness for calcium carbonates in a seagrass - mussel mosaic habitat. Future Ocean: Cluster Retreat 2014, Schleswig, Germany, 29.-30.09.2014 (Poster)
• Saderne, V., Fietzek, P., Aßmann, S., Hiebenthal, C. and Martz, T. A., 2014: In situ continuous recording of the carbonate chemistry interactions between mussel and seagrass beds subjected to upwelling events using pH and pCO₂ sensors. Ocean Sciences Meeting 2014, Honululu, Hawaii, USA, 23.-28.02.2014. (Vortrag)
• Liebetrau, V., Eisenhauer, A., Krabbenhöft, A., Fietzke, J., Böhm, F., Rüggeberg, A., Hiebenthal, C., Gürs, K.: The stable Sr approach on a shallow-marine archive of the last 27 Ma: Combining δ^88/86Sr-⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr*, δ^44/40Ca, δ¹⁸O and Sr/Ca signatures of aragonitic molluscs. 99th Annual Meeting of the Geologische Vereinigung e.V., Göttingen, Deutschland, 05 - 07.10.2009. (Talk)
• Thomsen, J., Saphörster, J., Heinemann, A., Hiebenthal, C. and Melzner, F.: Impacts of hypercapnia and temperature on physiological performance of marine invertebrates from the Baltic Sea. SEB Main Meeting, Glasgow, Schottland, 01.07.2009. (Talk)
• Heinemann, A., Fietzke, J., Hiebenthal, C., Thomsen, J. and Melzner, F.: Acidification-sensitivity of M. edulis. Goldschmid conference 2009, Davos, Schweiz, 21.- 26.6.2009. (Poster)
• Hiebenthal, C., Eisenhauer, A, Garbe-Schönberg, D., Wahl, M.: Characteristics (δ44/40Ca, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca) of Mytilus edulis and Arctica islandica shells formed in a temperature-salinity matrix. Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU). San Francisco, CA, USA, 15. - 19.12.2008. (Poster)
• Bleich, M., Melzner, F., Hiebenthal, C., Mempel, H., Schulz, K., Riebesell, U., Wahl, M., Sommer, F., Sommer, U., Form, A., Piatkowski, U., Hanel, R., Piepenburg, D., Spindler, M., Eisenhauer, A., Franke, A., Möller, V., Baumert, GA., Clemmesen, C.: Kiel CO2 manipulation experimental facility (KICO2). Second Symposium on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World, Monaco, 06 - 09.10.2008. (Poster)
• Hiebenthal, C., Garbe-Schönberg, D., Wahl, M., Eisenhauer, A.: Ca isotope fractionation (δ44/40Ca) in bivalves’ shells in response to environmental conditions (temperature and salinity) and bivalve fitness. International Conference and 97th Annual Meeting of the Geologische Vereinigung e.V., Bremen, Deutschland, 04.10.2007. (Talk)
• Hiebenthal, C., Kossak, U., Eisenhauer A.: From the past to the future: what bivalves hide in their shells. 42. European Marine Biology Symposium, EMBS Kiel, Deutschland, 30.08.2007. (Talk)
• Hiebenthal, C., Wahl, M., Eisenhauer, A.: Ca isotope fractionation (δ44/40Ca) in bivalve shells as a proxy for past climate changes. 42. European Marine Biology Symposium, EMBS, Kiel, Deutschland, 27. - 31.08.2007. (Poster)
• Hiebenthal, C., Wahl, M., and Eisenhauer, A.: Preliminary data: Ca isotope fractionation (δ44/40Ca) in shells of the bivalve Mytilus edulis as a proxy for temperature and salinity. General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union, EGU, Wien, Österreich, 15. - 20.04.2007. (Poster)
• Hiebenthal, C., Rohde, S., Bischof, K., Karez, M., and Wahl, M.: Verringerte Tiefenverbreitung von Fucus vesiculosus in der westlichen Ostsee: Effekte von Lichtmangel und Epibionten auf Wachstum und Photosynthese. 11. Wissenschaftliche Tagung der Sektion Phykologie in der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft, Helgoland, Deutschland, 29.08.2006. (Talk)
• Hiebenthal, C. and Wahl, M.: Characteristics of bivalve shells formed under different climatic scenarios. General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union, EGU, Wien, Österreich, 02. - 07.04.2007. (Poster)

Datasets

• Hiebenthal, Claas; Begler, Christian; Melzner, Frank (2023): Continuous water temperature and salinity data in front of GEOMAR Pier, Kiel, Germany (2022-2023). PANGAEA dataset. Doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.963281
• Hiebenthal, Claas; Begler, Christian; Melzner, Frank (2023): Continuous water temperature, salinity and oxygen data in front of GEOMAR Pier, Kiel, Germany (2020-2022). PANGAEA dataset. Doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.963279
• Hiebenthal, Claas; Buchholz, Björn; Melzner, Frank (2023): Water temperature and salinity data in front of GEOMAR Pier, Kiel, Germany (2022-2023). PANGAEA dataset. Doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.963282
• Hiebenthal, Claas; Buchholz, Björn; Melzner, Frank (2023): Water temperature, salinity and oxygen data in front of GEOMAR Pier, Kiel, Germany (2020-2021). PANGAEA dataset. Doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.963280
• Wolf, Fabian; Clemmessen, Catriona; Hiebenthal, Claas (2021): Continuous water temperature, salinity, oxygen and pH data in front of GEOMAR Pier, Kiel, Germany (2014-2019). PANGEA dataset. Doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.930979
• Wolf, Fabian; Clemmesen, Catriona; Hiebenthal, Claas (2021): Water temperature, salinity and oxygen data from 2005-2019 in front of GEOMAR Pier, Kiel, Germany. PANGAEA dataset. Doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.930974
• Hiebenthal, C., Fietzek, P., Müller, J. D., Otto, S., Rehder, G., Paulsen, M., Stuhr, A., Clemmesen, C., Melzner, F. (2017): Kiel fjord carbonate chemistry data between 2015 (February) and 2016 (January). GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, PANGEA dataset.DOI: 10.1594/PANGAEA.876551

• Hiebenthal, C., Fietzek, P., Thomsen, J., Saderne, V., Melzner, F. (2016): Kiel fjord pCO2 datasets between 2012 (July) and 2015 (January) measured using a HydroC® pCO2 sensor. GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, PANGEA dataset.DOI: 10.1594/PANGAEA.859407

Contributions to books

• Claas Hiebenthal, Nina Blöcher, Jochen Krause und Heye Rumohr (2012) Habitat / Biotope Profiles (Estuaries, Coastal lagoons, Large shallow inlets and bays, Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide, Sandbanks wich are slightly covered by sea water all the time, Reefs, Zostera beds, Macrophyte meadows and beds, Mussel beds, Sea-pen and burrowing megafauna communities, Sabellaria reefs, Shell gravel bottoms, Gravel bottoms with Ophelia species, Offshore (deep) waters below the halocline). In: Ingo Narberhaus, Jochen Krause and Ulrike Bernitt (Eds.), Threatened Biodiversity in the German North and Baltic Seas - Sensitivities towards Human Activities and the Effects of Climate Change. Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt 117, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Bundesamt für Naturschutz: pp. 41-210.

• Claas Hiebenthal, Nina Blöcher und Jochen Krause (2012) Species Profiles Invertebrates (Icelandic cyprine, Dog whelk, (European) Flat oyster). In: Ingo Narberhaus, Jochen Krause and Ulrike Bernitt (Eds.), Threatened Biodiversity in the German North and Baltic Seas - Sensitivities towards Human Activities and the Effects of Climate Change. Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt 117, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Bundesamt für Naturschutz: pp. 211-248. 

Reports

• Hiebenthal, C. (2021). Forschungskooperation: „Konzept zum Monitoring der Entwicklung von Flachwasser-Hartbodengemeinschaften in der s.-h. Ostsee“ [Aktenzeichen 0608.451722] –Endbericht [ Projektteile 1 und 2 ] - Im Auftrag des Landesamtes für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und ländliche Räume (Schleswig-Holstein). GEOMAR, Kiel. 76 S.
• Hiebenthal, C. (2019). Forschungskooperation: „Konzept zum Monitoring der Entwicklung von Flachwasser-Hartbodengemeinschaften in der s.-h. Ostsee“ [Aktenzeichen 0608.451722] – 3. Zwischenbericht [ Endbericht  Projektteil 1 ] - Im Auftrag des Landesamtes für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und ländliche Räume (Schleswig-Holstein). GEOMAR, Kiel. 44 S.
• Hiebenthal, C. und Bock, G. (2013) Maßnahme: Meeresstrategie Rahmenrichtlinie (MSRL) Biodiversität Makrophyten Ostseeküste [Aktenzeichen 0608-451219] -Abschlussbericht-.  Im Auftrag des Landesamtes für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und ländliche Räume (Schleswig-Holstein). GEOMAR, Kiel. 134 pp.
• Interwies, E., Angeli, D., Bertram, C., Dworak, T., Friedrich, R., Görlitz, S., Hiebenthal, C., Kugler, U., Meyerhoff, J., Preiss, P., Rumohr, H., Reumann-Schwichtenberg, J., Rehdanz, K., (2012). Methodische Grundlagen für sozio-ökonomische Analysen sowie Folgenabschätzungen von Maßnahmen einschließlich Kosten-Nutzen Analysen nach EG-Meeresstrategie-Rahmenrichtlinie (MSRL): Abschlussbericht an das Umweltbundesamt (Förderkennzeichen (UFOPLAN) 3710 25 202). Unter der Leitung von: InterSus Sustainability Services, Berlin. 453 pp.
• Bertram, C., Kugler, U., Rehdanz, K., Hiebenthal, C., Interwies, E., Dworak, T., Friedrich, R., Görlitz, S., Fantke, P., Kuhn, A., Preiss, P., Reumann-Schwichtenberg, J., Rumohr, H. (2012). Methodische Grundlagen für sozio-ökonomische Analysen sowie Folgenabschätzungen von Maßnahmen einschließlich Kosten-Nutzen Analysen nach EG-Meeresstrategie-Rahmenrichtlinie (MSRL): „Module 3a und 3b: Aufbau eines Mengengerüstes – Teil 1: Zusammenstellung relevanter Komponenten, Teil 2: Vorschläge zur Monetarisierung.“. Zwischenbericht an das Umweltbundesamt (UBA). Unter der Leitung von: InterSus Sustainability Services, Berlin. 185 pp.
• Interwies, E., Bertram, C., Dworak, T., Görlitz, S., Hiebenthal, C., Kugler, U., Preiss, P., Rehdanz, K., Thaler, T. (2011). Methodische Grundlagen für sozio-ökonomische Analysen sowie Folgenabschätzungen von Maßnahmen einschließlich Kosten-Nutzen Analysen nach EG-Meeresstrategie-Rahmenrichtlinie (MSRL): „Vorschläge für ein methodisches Vorgehen – Modul 1 & 2“. Zwischenbericht an das Umweltbundesamt (UBA). Unter der Leitung von: InterSus Sustainability Services, Berlin. 67 pp.
• Hiebenthal, C., 2006. Ausbringung von Hartsubstrat als Ausgleichsmaßnahme im marinen Bereich II. Abschlussbericht für das Landesamt für Natur und Umwelt (LANU). IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel. 27 pp.
• Rohde, S., Güldenzoph, C., Hiebenthal, C., Wahl, M., 2006. Fucus Ökologie I. Abschlussbericht für das Landesamt für Natur und Umwelt Schleswig-Holstein (LANU). IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel. 28 pp.