SONNE SO322

SO322 will revisit the impact sites of the Patania II polymetallic nodule collector tests after more than 5 years. The post-impact study will allow an integrated assessment of trajectories of ecosystem responses to mining impacts over longer time periods - including ecotoxicological, biogeochemical, and biological consequences. Integration with data from the previous cruises will address cumulative effects and the underlying mechanisms driving ecosystem responses. Sampling of the reference sites will provide data on the natural temporal (interannual; 2019 - 2022 - 2026) and spatial variability in the abyssal nodule habitat of the CCZ, and contribute to understanding of regional species connectivity. The
established investigation strategy will be complemented by new pelagic ecosystem work and in-situ ecotoxicological experiments.